Winch and crank mechanism

A WINCH is a cylinder that rotates around a horizontal axis. the formula is :
F x d = R x r

Rack and pinion,nut and bolt,wheel

NUT AND BOLT MECHANISM

NUT AND BOLT MECHANISM: Transform rotary motion into linear motion.

RACK AND PINION MECHANISM

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion.

Wheel

Changes in direction and rotation

CHANGES IN DIRECTION AND ROTATION:

WORM DRIVE:A worm drive is a gear arrangement in which a worm meshes with a worm gear.The two elements are also called the worm screw and worm wheel

Belt drives and gear trains

To calculate the ratio of transmission between the first wheels and the last wheel of a belt dive:

N4/N1=D1 X D3 : D2 X D4

Compound pulley systems

A combination of fixed and a movable pulleys forms a block and tackle. A block and tackle can have several pulleys mounted on the fixed and moving axles, further increasing the mechanical advantage.

Vertical system

Horizontal system

F = R / 2 x n

Pulleys and compound pulley systems

In a system of pulleys the equilibrium between the forces depends on the path that the rope follows.

PULLEYS:
FIXED PULLEY:Has an axle mounted in bearings attached to a supporting structure. A fixed pulley changes the direction of the force on a rope or belt that moves along its circumference. F = R

MOVEABLE PULLEY: Has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two. F= R/2

Linear transmission of motion

Linear trasmission mechanisms, such as pulleys, use linear motion input to produce linear motion output

Levers: A lever is a rigid bar that turns around a point called a fulcrum. Various forces may act on the lever at the same time.

Each force produces a specific torque, which is the force multiplied by its distance form the fulcrum.

                                                TORQUE=FORCE X DISTANCE    F x d = R x r 


Classes of levers: We can divide levers into clases according to the locations of the fulcrum, force and resistance.

Class 1 levers can do both of those things

Class 2 levers increase the force that we apply.

Class 3 levers increase the distance that the end of the lever moves.

Brake levers: Bicycle brakes decrease speed. We control them with levers on the handlebars.

A hand crack: A hand crank has two parts. One is connected to a rotating shaft and the other forms a handle.

F x d = R x r

F= Is the force

d= Is its distance

R= Is the resistance in the shaft

r= Is the radius of the shaft itself.

Bicycle handlebars: The handlebars of a bicycle work like a crank. If we place our hands at the ends of the handlebars, they are easier to turn